Episode 246 of Talk Ultra is with Nicki Marsh as we countdown to Marathon des Sables – The Legendary. With a 50th birthday looming in 2024 Nicki had been toying with lots of ideas of how to celebrate… The only thing that truly excited me (and could fit around work!) was MDS. Her husband had done it in 2017 and said never again. However, it took him all of 30 seconds to agree to do it again, with Nicki!
“I have degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis, 4 foot surgeries on and another one on the cards I am determined to keep moving. My goal for the race when we entered was to get to the start line, then do the best I can to finish, the plan was to walk. I believe setting the right goals helps you develop the right mindset and avoid disappointment.”
Episode 3 of the Marathon des Sables – The Legendary podcast is with Alexander Welch.
Alexander toed the line of the 2021 MDS but things did not go to plan… It was the year of excessive heat and Norovirus in bivouac. A year when 50% did not finish the race. However, the DNF for Alex raised some demons.
“I participated in the 2021 October edition of MDS and was medically removed at checkpoint 2 on day 3. Being only 25 years old at the time, and having never failed at anything prior, this was a massive mental blow for me.”
Falling into a downward spiral. Alexander’s life tumbled; as a coping mechanism, he turned to excessive drinking and substance abuse, this impacted on work, relationships and his own mental health.
“This went on until about November 2023 where I reached out for help of my former tent mates (4 of which are also returning in April 2024). I managed , with their support, to pull myself out of the degenerative cycle that had encapsulated my life for almost 12 months. This culminated in signing up for the MDS 2024.”
Now is the time to make all the final preparations for a goal that you have been building towards for 6-months, 1-year or maybe even years.
DON’T PANIC.
If you have got this far, you are in a great place.
There is time for one last key week of training, adding the final touches to make sure you are in the best shape possible, BUT, after this week you need to start easing things back, looking after yourself and allowing your body to recover, rest and get ready for what may be one of the biggest weeks of your life?
MEDICAL
Make sure you have all the medical requirements fulfilled and an up to date ECG as specified in MDS rules and regulations.
The organization’s medical certificate (to download from your online account from March 11th 2024) and the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) report plus graph, dated less than 30 days before the start of the race, i.e. from March 12th 2024, are to be presented during the administrative, technical and medical checks on 13th of April 2024. Only the original documents, dated and signed, will be accepted (unvalid photocopy). Failure to present these documents will incur penalties (see ART.27 et 28). The signature and the stamp of the doctor must be applied on them.
The electrocardiogram of effort is advised for participants over 40 years. It is not compulsory and does not replace the ECG at rest and its plan. This can be joined to the medical certificate and presented in Morocco.
TRAINING
From a training perspective, what may the next weeks looks like? Well, we are all individuals, we all have different abilities, we all have different goals, we all have different free time and the list could go on. However, I have found over the years that using a ‘percentage’ taper works across the board, irrespective of the person.
Race date: 14th April 2024
Taper schedule:
Week 4: 17th March
Week 3: 24th March
Week 2: 31st March
Week 1: 7th April
If we look at the weeks above, a taper to Marathon des Sables could look like as follows:
Week 4: 80%
Week 3: 60%
Week 2: 40%
Week 1: 20%
The percentages are based as a percentage of what would be week 5, starting 10th March. For simplicity, let’s assume that week 5 is your last big training week and it was 100km or 12-hours.
The Taper:
Week 4: 80km or 9.6 hours
Week 3: 60km or 7.2 hours
Week 2: 40km or 4.8 hours
Week 1: 20km or 2.4 hours
Importantly, keep the balance of training days the same. If you typically run 5-days a week, maintain those 5-days and reduce the volume/ intensity.
Your body needs to keep alert and active. So make sure you add some stimulus in this taper period, short periods of faster running and/ or hill work are ideal. However, do all this with the priority not to get injured. Now is not the time to get a niggle, a sprain or a problem.
ACCLIMATE
In the final two weeks of taper you need to hone in on acclimation to heat and prepare the body.
Don’t leave this to the last minute, plan ahead, especially if using a heat chamber. Heat chambers are limited and obviously, time slots are limited.
If you do not have access to a heat chamber think of other options: sauna, hot baths, bikram yoga, adding layers when running, or if you are lucky with time, arrive in Morocco early and taper in a real situation.
EQUIPMENT
You will have been mulling over equipment for months and you may well have tweaked and changed your choices. Now, with 4-weeks to go, this is the time to make sure you have everything you need and also understand what it all weighs.
Clothes must be comfortable and not rub.
Shoes fit perfectly, give no hot spots and are suitable for the desert environment and have gaiters.
Socks work for you.
Sleeping bag is light and warm.
Sleeping mat
Food
Mandatory kit
Top Tip –
Use LighterpackHERE to list all your equipment. You can see an example HERE that I used for a trip climbing in the Atlas Mountains. This is a great way to look at everything and make sure you have nothing missing.
Keep luxuries to an absolute minimum, they only add weight.
Pack and re-pack your pack to make sure you have the most comfortable solution and importantly, you have immediate access to essential items.
Read my Top 20 Tips HERE which provides a great overview of all the things you need to consider now in this final phase.
FOOD
You need a minimum of 2000 calories per day. Lay food out for each day and have a spreadsheet that itemises everything and shows the weight and calories.
Where possible, re-package food in smaller and lighter packaging. Particularly important with dehydrated meals. Read HERE
TRAVEL
Travel in your run clothing including your run shoes with the gaiters. Yes, you are going to look somewhat ‘special’ at the airport but trust me, luggage goes missing and you do not want to be the person standing in the Sahara watching your dream slip away because of lost luggage. Equally, take your run pack with all contents for the race as carry-on. You can take pretty much take everything: food, sleeping bag, essentials etc. However, check with your airline what can and cannot go on the plane.
Put your main luggage in the hold and here you can take spares, extras and options. MDS varies considerably in temperature, we get hot and cold years. Never assume it will be hot, it may not be. Before admin day you can fine tune your ‘race kit’ with more or less layers.
Purchase food and drinks at the airport to take on the plane. Also consider when you land in Morocco, you will have an approximate 6-hour bus journey to bivouac 1, take food and drink with you for this trip.
Have cash with you, depending on which airline you use, card payments are not always possible, also, in Morocco, cash is king.
ARRIVAL
You will arrive in Morocco from London or Paris on one of the arranged flights on Friday 12th April. If you are not on one of these flights, you need to be at Ouarzazate airport (typically for 0900) on the same day.
Runners will then fill buses, road books will be given and then you transfer to the desert. Expect 6-hours.
At bivouac you will find your tent and settle in.
REMEMBER food is now NOT provided and you therefore need to feed yourself on arrival day and admin day. There are no restrictions on weight or calories here, so, take as much as you want and plenty of variety, this includes drinks. Only water will be in camp.
As mentioned above, until admin, you have your luggage with you, so, you can have more layers, a more comfortable inflatable bed and some luxuries – consider what will make these days more pleasurable and comfortable.
ADMIN DAY
On admin day, prepare all your kit and make sure you have everything prepared and ready. Also make sure you have all mandatory and essential kit. Once you have passed through admin, your luggage is taken away and you will not see it again until after the race.
Race self-sufficiency actually only starts the following day with stage 1.
Admin can take a while, so make sure you take liquid and snacks and my top-tip is take an umbrella to protect from standing in the direct heat.
Fuelling for a Multi-Day – Marathon des Sables – The Legendary
Marathon des Sables pioneered the multi-day racing format and as such is often a key starting point when discussing a fuelling strategy for an adventure that lasts a week or longer.
Multi-day adventures require fuelling and how one obtains food can vary greatly. In principle, there are several keyways:
Self-sufficient
Semi-supported
Supported
For many, self-sufficiency poses the greater question marks and worries as there are multiple factors to consider:
How many days?
Weight?
Balance of nutrients and calories?
Hot or cold food (or both)?
Access to water?
Environment?
Loaded up for a week in the Sahara.
Runners are required to carry all they need to survive in a multi-day like MDS. Fuelling is essential to survive and the balance of calories v weight is a prime concern. The only things that are provided are a shelter (bivouac) which is shared with 7 other runners and water which is rationed. Since its creation in the mid 80’s, the MDS format has been copied and used as a template for other races all over the world.
Get your pack as close to 6.5kg (plus water) as possible.
Weight is the enemy of a multi-day runner or fastpacker and therefore balancing equipment, food and water is an art form in itself. Read an article HERE about the equipment required for a race like MDS.
Food will take up most of the weight on any adventure when being self-sufficient. MDS, for example, has a minimum food requirement of 2000 calories per day, a minimum pack weight of 6.5kg and then one must add water, typically a minimum 1.5 litres (1.5kg) which makes the starting pack weight a minimum 8kg.
Food for multiple days will typically be around 4 to 5kg.
*****
Quite simply, running or walking, covering 250km over 7-days will leave the runner in a calorie deficit. Therefore, it is essential to optimise the food one takes.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
How fast one goes does greatly impact on food choice and how calories are not only consumed but chosen. The macronutrient choices will change based on the balance of carbohydrate, protein and fat. In simple terms, a runner will burn more carbohydrates and a walker will burn more fat. Humans store enough fat to survive many days and even weeks. However, carbohydrate stores deplete quickly and need to be replenished.
Body weight, age, individual needs are important for all and males may well require more calories than a woman due size and muscle mass.
Main meals will usually come either freeze dried or dehydrated. Both processes involve removing the water from food to preserve it. Freeze-drying involves freezing the food to a very low temperature and drying it in a vacuum to remove moisture. Dehydration involves passing warm air over the surface of the food to remove moisture. Dehydration creates food that tastes like it should, with plenty of texture and flavour. It is an altogether slower and gentler process than freeze-drying. Please note though, that hydration times take considerably longer with cold water and taste can change. Test meals in advance using hot or cold water.
Firepot are a UK brand who create tasty meal by hand, using fresh ingredients and then dry each meal.
Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein are essential for balance and foods for an expedition are usually balanced specifically for the needs of an active individual. Typically, 55% carbs, 30% fats and 15% protein are considered balanced. As an indicator in regard to calories, carbohydrates have 4 calories for 1 gram, fat has 9 calories for 1 gram and protein 4 calories for 1 gram.
Remember, we are all individual and although any recommendations here provide a guide and a template, you the individual need to answer very specific questions and ultimately, you may need to seek the advice of a nutrition expert to fine tune a fuelling plan for a multi-day adventure.
As a rough guide, BMR is the number of calories a person burns in normal day-to-day activity.
Example for a 37-year-old, 6ft tall, 170-pound man.
(66+(6.2 x 170) + (12.7 x 72) – (6.76 x 37) x 1.55 = 2663 calories
How to use the equation: (66+(6.2 x weight) + (12.7 x height) – (6.76 x age) x 1.55 = 2663 calories
The ‘Harris-Benedict‘ formula takes into consideration daily activity.
Fat adapted athletes will have specific requirements and the nutritional plan will be different.
Answer the following questions:
Age?
Male or female?
Body weight?
Walker?
Walk/ runner?
Runner?
Vegetarian/ Vegan?
Am I typically a hungry person?
Am I more hungry or less hungry with exercise?
Food allergies?
Will I use hot water or cold water?
A TYPICAL DAY
Breakfast – Ideally slow-release carbohydrate, some fat and quality protein.
Starting the day with breakfast.
Running Food – This will vary on the length of the stage, up to 6-hours and you may prefer easily absorbed carbohydrates, bars and or energy in drink form. For longer stages, the addition of real food, savoury and some protein would be wise. For a very long day, for example, the long day at MDS, you may even need a meal?
Post run food (immediate) – A shake is a great way to start the recovery period as it is easily absorbed, and this should have carbohydrate and protein.
Dinner – A meal will form the basis for dinner and think about some small treats for each day, these will give you something to look forward to and help keep your palette fresh.
FOOD PLANNING AND IDEAS
Breakfast:
A freeze-dried breakfast is a good way to start the day. Top tip: Add the water to your breakfast at sleep time (especially if using cold water) as it will rehydrate during the night and be ready for eating in the morning. Of course, make sure it can’t be knocked over, get contaminated or damaged – that would be a disaster! Using a re-sealable plastic bag is a good idea. Example: Firepot Baked Apple Porridge is 125g with 500 calories.
Breakfast is essential to fuel the day ahead.
Muesli is popular and provides energy and fibre, it can easily be combined with a freeze-dried dairy product.
An energy bar for some works, but they often are heavy in proportion to the calories provided. However, for some, they are a perfect start to the day.
Top tip: Consider an evening meal as an alternative to breakfast. Sweet tasting food can become boring and sickly, the option to have something savoury with some spice can be a life saver.
During the run:
Runners will need typically more carbohydrate in an easy form so that they can maintain pace. By contrast, walkers will move slower, have more time to eat and easier time digesting, therefore real foods are possible. The balance is always weight v energy. Don’t rely completely on liquids, some solid food and chewing is good for the body and mind.
Some ‘typical’ run snacks.
Example: Gels are around 32g each. Let’s say you took 1 gel per hour. Rachid El Morabity won the 2019 MDS in 18:31. So, 19 gels would weigh 608 grams. By contrast, if the race takes you 60-hours, 60 gels would be 1920g! Not only is the weight not feasible but also the volume size would just not work.
Powders (energy drinks) that one can add to water are an easy way to get calories and nutrients. They are also considerably lighter.
Energy bars.
Beefy jerky.
Dried fruit.
Nuts such as almonds are rich in fat and calories.
Trail mix.
Dried meat.
Post run:
Back in bivouac, first priority is drink and food.
A recovery drink is the quickest way to get balanced calories immediately in the body to start replenishing the body. Have this shake as soon as possible. Then do personal admin such as feet, clothes, bed, etc. One hour post the run, consider a snack like tabbouleh as this is easily hydrated with cold water and add some protein to it – dried meat a good option.
Dinner:
A dehydrated meal will make up the main calories. Depending on the person, the need for more or less calories will vary. Some companies, Firepot a good example, provide meals in two sizes: 135g with 485 calories or 200g with 730 calories for Vegan Chilli Non Carne and Rice.
A post-dinner treat is a good idea, this could be another freeze-dried option or a low-weight and high calorie option. A sweet such as a Lemon Sherbet is a simple way to add some freshness to your mouth and palette and although has little calories, it can be a nice treat.
Top tips:
Experienced runners make a real fire to boil water.
Try everything out before any race or event. You need to know what works for you when tired and fatigued. Try to simulate race situations so you have a good understanding of your palette and your body. Test for taste, stomach and brain.
Just because you love Spaghetti Bolognese, don’t be tempted to take 7 for a 7-day race. You and your palette become bored quickly.
Be careful with spices and anything that may irritate or aggravate a digestive system that will already be under stress.
The choice of having hot water can be a deal breaker. For some, a hot coffee or tea is just essential! In addition, food is typically more pleasurable when hot and hydrates quicker with hot water. You cannot use any gas stoves at MDS so you must use fuel tablets and a small stove. However, here are some alternative ideas: 1. If you finish early in the day, leave a bottle in the sun and let it warm naturally. 2. Often, there are lots of shrubs, twigs and branches around bivouac, it is possible to make a fire, but you will still need a pot.
Water at the race is provided in 5Ltr bottle at the end of the stage this needs to last till Cp1 of the following day, so, plan water use.
Consider repackaging all your food to make the volume and weight less, if you do this, be sure to include the nutrition label in your new packaging.
Take extra food and options. When in the Sahara, you can make some final food choices.
The ‘Long day’ and following ‘Rest Day’ will require different fuelling strategies, take this into consideration.
Rules – Race rules dictate you have a minimum 2000 calories per day, that you have nutrition labels for the food that you take and that on the morning of the last day that you have 2000 calories remaining.
A cut down water bottle is a great food bowl.
WATER
Water is the only item provided at a race such as MDS and this is rationed. You are provided water for ‘in’ camp and then this is replenished while running at Cps which are typically 10 to 12km apart. When you finish the stage, you are then allocated water to last through the night and the following morning. NOTE: This water will need to last till CP1 on the next day’s stage, so make sure you leave enough to run with.
Water is rationed and supplied at every checkpoint on the route, typically every 10km.
Water is obviously used to hydrate but you also need it for your food and if you wish to wash.
Remember you need to replace salts that are lost through sweating. Have a strategy in place. The two main reasons for a DNF are feet and dehydration.
SPREADSHEET
Create a spreadsheet so that you can see daily food items, how many calories and what the weight is. Not only is this invaluable for personal admin, but it is also a requirement for the race when at admin check.
Top Tip: Lay a day’s food out on the floor and look at it and analyse (visually) does this look enough for 1-day.
An example of fuelling for one day.Use a sealed bag for each day and then add a label showing contents and calories.
CONCLUSIONS
Getting fuelling right for any multi-day is really important, so, do the research and test everything. Have a contingency plan and anticipate the need for sweet v savoury will change.
If possible, repackage food to save weight and use clear packaging and relabel adding the name of the food, what day it is for and how many calories are inside.
Make sure you have some treats and something to look forward to.
Real food is good for the brain and the chewing motion helps satisfy our natural human desire to eat and be happy.
Remember, multi-days are only about three things: running/ walking, eating and sleeping, so, make sure you are prepared for each element accordingly.
The long day, many stop and cook a meal during the night to fuel the journey.
SUMMARY
In this article, we have looked at food for a typical desert race like Marathon des Sables that lasts for 7-days. many races follow the same format. However, different race conditions may well dictate food choices, for example, a race in snow/ ice with sub-zero temperatures will require a different strategy and the balance of carbohydrate, protein and fat can be different.
The top Moroccan runners boil water and eat hot food. Here Mohammed El Morabity.
Some races or multi-day are semi-supported, some are supported. In these scenarios, your own food may be carried for you or, it may even be provided for you? Think ahead and plan for what you may need so that you can perform as you wish with the calories you need. Especially important for vegan, vegetarian or those on specific diets. The big advantages of semi or fully supported is the not needing to carry additional weight and in most scenarios, there will be no restriction on quantity or calories. Everest Trail Race and The Coastal Challenge are two perfect examples of semi and fully-supported races,
You arrive in Morocco, pass through passport control, wait for your luggage, leave the airport arrivals hall and find a seat on a coach.
The MDS journey is now in full swing.
Waiting in anticipation, the Road Book (the bible) for the next edition of the race is provided and immediately pages turn, running through the mind of each participant:
“How long is the long day?”
Well, the wait is over, I can tell you. For 2024, the long day will be 85.3 km’s.
The MARATHON DES SABLES – The Legendary is breaking silence and today, we announce the daily stage distances for the 2024 edition.
Stage 1 : 31.1 km
Stage 2 : 40.8 km
Stage 3 : 85.3 km (over 2 days)
Stage 4 : 43.1 km
Stage 5 : 31.4 km
Stage 6 : 21.1 km
Total 252.8 km
Marathon des Sables typically takes place in this key area.
Taking place in the southern Moroccan Sahara since 1986; an extraordinary adventure will take place covering 252 km’s, the longest edition in the race history. Lasting 11-days with 9-days in the desert, divided into 6 stages over 7-days, a magical crossing of the Sahara walking or running.
The exact route, with maps, will once again be covered in detail in the road book, which as per usual, will be provided in Morocco whilst on the way to the bivouac one.
This is the first time that the daily distances have been disclosed before arrival in Morocco. Does this change anything? No, not really. I guess there is a reassurance knowing that the long day is not 90+ km’s.
However, with the 2024 edition being 252 km’s and over 6 timed stages, it was my prediction that this race would be a tougher challenge in contrast to those that have gone before. Therefore, to ease minds, the distances have been announced.
Previously, the long day would come on stage 4 (over 2 days) and it would be followed by the marathon stage. It was common thought, “Get the long day done and it’s just a marathon to go!” At the finish of the marathon, the medal would be received; job done.
Now, with the long day coming on stage 3, you still have 3-stages to run totaling 95.6 km’s. This will require a completely different mental and physical approach.
IAN CORLESS 